As people grow older, the body holds less water and the sense of thirst becomes weaker. This makes dehydration a common but often overlooked health problem in the elderly, especially after the age of 65 years. In hot climates such as Tanzania, the risk may increase further.
Older people may become dehydrated simply because they do not feel thirsty, forget to drink water or cannot easily access fluids due to weakness, arthritis, stroke or memory problems. Certain medicines such as “water tablets” may also increase fluid loss.
Early signs of dehydration include dry mouth, dark urine, dizziness, constipation, weakness, fatigue and confusion. In many elderly people, sudden confusion may be the first warning sign. Severe dehydration can lead to kidney injury, falls, infections, low blood pressure, hospitalisation, and even death if untreated.
Families can help prevent dehydration through simple daily habits. Older adults should be encouraged to drink small amounts of fluids regularly throughout the day instead of waiting until they feel thirsty. Water, light soups, herbal teas, milk and water-rich fruits are useful choices.
Foods such as Watermelon, Cucumber, Orange and Papaya can also support hydration.
Extra care is needed during hot weather, fever, diarrhea, or vomiting, when the body loses more fluids. Caregivers should seek medical attention urgently if an elderly person becomes very drowsy, unable to drink, passes very little urine, faints or develops severe confusion.
Dehydration in older adults is often preventable. A simple glass of water offered regularly may sometimes prevent a serious illness.
n Dr Bura, Medical doctor, practises Plant based Dietary Consultancy at Golden Rose Hotel in Arusha from Monday to Saturday 4-6pm. His contact is 0626625471.
