Antibiotics are among the most powerful discoveries in modern medicine. They have saved millions of lives by treating serious bacterial infections that were once deadly. However, one dangerous myth still persists: the belief that antibiotics can cure almost any illness. The truth is simple but important — antibiotics do not cure everything and using them incorrectly can cause more harm than good.
Antibiotics work only against bacterial infections. They kill bacteria or stop them from multiplying. This makes them effective for conditions such as bacterial pneumonia, urinary tract infections, some throat infections and certain skin infections. However, many common illnesses that bring people to hospitals and pharmacies are not caused by bacteria.
Colds, flu, most sore throats, most coughs and many cases of diarrhoea are caused by viruses, not bacteria. Antibiotics have no effect on viruses. Taking antibiotics for viral infections will not shorten the illness, reduce symptoms or prevent complications. Instead, it exposes the body to unnecessary medication and potential side effects such as stomach upset, diarrhoea, allergic reactions and skin rashes.
One of the biggest dangers of antibiotic misuse is antibiotic resistance. When antibiotics are taken unnecessarily, incorrectly or not completed as prescribed, bacteria learn how to survive these medicines. Over time, this leads to the development of “strong” bacteria that common antibiotics can no longer kill. This makes future infections harder, more expensive and sometimes impossible to treat. Antibiotic resistance is now a major global health threat.
Another common mistake is self-medication. Many people buy antibiotics without a prescription, use leftovers from previous illnesses or take drugs recommended by friends or family. This is risky. Different infections require different antibiotics, correct doses and the proper duration of treatment. Taking the wrong antibiotic or stopping treatment too early can worsen illness and contribute to resistance.
It is also important to understand that not every fever requires antibiotics. Fever is a sign that the body is fighting an infection and in many cases — especially viral illnesses — supportive care such as rest, adequate fluids and fever control is all that is needed. A qualified health professional is the best person to determine whether antibiotics are necessary.
