Iron is an essential mineral that plays a vital role in a child’s growth and development. It helps form haemoglobin—the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. When children do not get enough iron, they can develop iron deficiency anaemia, a condition that can have serious and lasting effects on their health and development.
Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies in children, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Children under the age of five are especially vulnerable due to their rapid growth, which increases the demand for iron.
Why iron is important
Iron is crucial for:
• Proper brain development
• Strengthening the immune system
• Maintaining energy levels
• Supporting normal growth
Without sufficient iron, the body struggles to produce healthy red blood cells, leading to fatigue, weakness and a reduced ability to concentrate.
Common symptoms of iron deficiency
• Pale skin
• Fatigue or low energy
• Poor appetite
• Slow weight gain or delayed growth
• Irritability or mood changes
• Frequent infections
In severe cases, children may develop pica—a craving for non-food substances such as dirt, chalk or ice.
Long-term effects
If left untreated, iron deficiency can cause developmental delays, learning difficulties and poor academic performance. Studies have shown that children with chronic iron deficiency may experience reduced attention span, memory issues and impaired cognitive function—even after treatment.
Who is at risk?
• Infants born prematurely or with low birth weight
• Babies fed only cow’s milk before 12 months of age
• Children with diets low in iron-rich foods
• Children who suffer frequent infections or parasitic infestations
Prevention and treatment
Parents can help prevent iron deficiency by:
• Introducing iron-rich foods such as meat, eggs, beans, dark leafy vegetables and fortified cereals
• Including vitamin C-rich foods (such as oranges and tomatoes) to enhance iron absorption
• Avoiding excessive intake of cow’s milk in toddlers, as it can interfere with iron absorption
• Ensuring routine deworming in areas where parasitic infections are common
In cases of deficiency, iron-rich foods are recommended and a doctor may prescribe iron supplements where necessary.
Iron deficiency in children is both preventable and treatable but early identification is crucial. Regular health check-ups and a balanced diet go a long way in keeping children strong, alert and thriving.
■ Dr Lulu contact: healthdiaries@yahoo.com
