An umbilical hernia is a common condition in infants and young children. It occurs when a small portion of the intestine or fatty tissue protrudes through the abdominal muscles near the belly button (umbilicus). While this may sound concerning to parents, umbilical hernias are usually harmless and resolve on their own as the child grows.
WHAT CAUSES AN UMBILICAL HERNIA?
During pregnancy, the umbilical cord passes through a small opening in the baby’s abdominal muscles. Normally, this opening closes shortly after birth. However, in some children, the muscles do not fully close, allowing tissue to bulge through the weak spot. This results in an umbilical hernia.
Umbilical hernias are more common in: Premature or low birth weight babies; Infants of African descent; and babies with certain medical conditions, such as Down’s syndrome.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
The most noticeable sign of an umbilical hernia is swelling or bulge near the belly button, especially when the child is crying, coughing, or straining. It may flatten or disappear when the child is relaxed or lying down.
Most children with an umbilical hernia do not experience pain. However, if the hernia becomes firm, tender or discoloured, or if the child vomits and appears distressed, it could indicate a complication called incarceration—a rare but serious condition where the protruding tissue becomes trapped and loses its blood supply. This requires immediate medical attention.
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Umbilical hernias are typically diagnosed during a routine physical examination. In most cases, no treatment is required. About 90% of umbilical hernias close on their own by the time the child is between 3 and 5 years old.
Surgical repair may be recommended if: the hernia persists beyond the age of 5; it increases in size over time; and it causes pain or becomes incarcerated.
The surgery is straightforward and safe, often carried out as a day procedure under general anaesthetic. Recovery is usually quick and most children return to normal activities within a few days.
WHAT PARENTS SHOULD KNOW
Parents are strongly advised not to tape coins or other objects over the hernia, as this does not help and can irritate the skin or cause infection. Regular check-ups will help monitor the hernia’s progress and determine whether surgical intervention is necessary.
Dr Lulu contact: healthdiaries@yahoo.com
