Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading infectious killers globally, despite being both preventable and curable. Caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, TB primarily affects the lungs but can also impact other organs. It spreads through the air when someone with active TB coughs, sneezes or speaks. Fortunately, there are safe and practical measures to protect yourself and help prevent the spread of TB in your home and community.
1. Know symptoms
Early detection is vital.
Common symptoms include:
• A persistent cough lasting more than two weeks
• Chest pain
• Coughing up blood
• Fatigue
• Night sweats
• Weight loss
• Fever
If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, seek medical attention immediately.
Get tested
If you’ve been in contact with someone who has TB or live in a high-risk area, it’s important to get tested. Early testing helps detect latent TB infection (LTBI), which shows no symptoms but can develop into active TB if left untreated. Treating LTBI significantly reduces the risk of progression and transmission.
Ensure proper ventilation
TB bacteria thrive in crowded and poorly ventilated environments. Keep windows open, let sunlight in and encourage air circulation—especially in hospitals, schools, prisons and on public transport. Good ventilation lowers the concentration of bacteria in the air.
Practise cough etiquette
If you have a cough, cover your mouth with a tissue or use the crook of your elbow. Dispose of tissues safely and wash your hands frequently. Promoting good cough hygiene both at home and in public can limit the spread of TB and other respiratory illnesses.
Complete treatment
TB treatment usually lasts for six months. Discontinuing medication prematurely can result in drug-resistant TB, which is more difficult and costly to treat. Encourage and support TB patients to complete their full course of treatment—even if they start feeling better.
Get BCG vaccine
The Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine offers protection to young children against severe forms of TB.
Protect high-risk groups
Individuals with weakened immune systems—such as those living with HIV, diabetes or malnutrition—are at higher risk. Encourage regular health check-ups and preventive therapy for these vulnerable groups.
🔴 Dr Lulu contact: healthdiaries@yahoo.com
