Water law in Tanzania is primarily governed by the Water Resources Management Act of 2009 and the Water Supply and Sanitation Act of 2019. These laws regulate water use, conservation and the provision of water supply and sanitation services.
Key aspects of water law in Tanzania:
- Water Resources Management Act, 2009:
This Act focuses on the management, use, and protection of Tanzania’s water resources, including surface water, groundwater, and estuarine waters. - Water Supply and Sanitation Act, 2019:
This Act aims to ensure the sustainable and transparent management of water supply and sanitation services, including the establishment of relevant authorities and organisations. - Water rights and allocation:
The Water Resources Management Act sets out principles for water use and conservation, as well as priorities for water allocation. - Water quality and pollution:
The Act also addresses the prevention of water pollution and the protection of aquatic ecosystems. - Transboundary waters:
The Act includes provisions for the management of transboundary waters—water bodies shared with neighbouring countries. - Water user associations:
The Act provides for the establishment, registration, and functioning of water user associations. - Environmental impact assessment:
Environmental impact assessments are required for water-related projects under the Act. - Basin Water Boards:
The Minister may establish Basin Water Boards to oversee water management within specific catchment areas. - National Water Board:
The National Water Board, established by the Act, serves an advisory role in matters concerning water resources. - Water Supply and Sanitation Authorities:
The 2019 Act provides for the establishment of water supply and sanitation authorities, such as the Dar es Salaam Water and Sewerage Authority. - Rural Water Agency:
The Act also establishes the Rural Water Agency to manage water supply services in rural areas. - National Water Fund:
A National Water Fund is created to support water development projects. - Community-based water supply organisations:
The Act provides for the formation and regulation of community-based water supply organisations. - Service providers:
The Act permits the appointment of service providers to manage water supply and sanitation services.
Conclusion
In summary, Tanzania’s water legislation provides a framework for sustainable water management through the transparent regulation of water supply and sanitation services. It ensures the effective utilisation, protection, and conservation of water resources across the country.
