BY DR LULU C.
Endometrial cancer develops in the endometrium, which is the inner lining of the uterus (womb).
It occurs when cells in this lining begin to grow uncontrollably.
Endometrial cancer is more common in women who have reached menopause, particularly those above 50 years. However, younger women can also develop the disease.
Among factors that increase the risk include obesity, diabetes, increasing age, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Other risk factors include never having been pregnant, a family history of endometrial cancer and inherited conditions. Certain hormonal treatments may also increase the risk.
The most important symptom is abnormal vaginal bleeding.
Women should pay attention to: Bleeding or spotting after menopause.
Unusually heavy or prolonged menstrual periods.
Bleeding between menstrual periods.
Unusual watery or blood-stained vaginal discharge.
Persistent pelvic or lower abdominal pain.
Bleeding after menopause should never be considered normal, even if it occurs only once or consists of a few spots.
Although these symptoms can result from conditions other than cancer, they should always be medically investigated.
Diagnosis usually involves a pelvic examination, ultrasound and an endometrial biopsy, where a small sample of the uterine lining is collected and examined for cancer cells.
Treatment depends on the stage and type of cancer. Surgery to remove the uterus, and sometimes the ovaries and fallopian tubes, is the main treatment for many women. Depending on the disease, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or hormonal treatment may also be recommended.
When detected early, endometrial cancer often has a favourable outcome.
Dr Lulu, healthdiaries@yahoo.com
