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Seeing a child have convulsions can be frightening for any parent or caregiver. Convulsions, also known as seizures, occur when there is abnormal electrical activity in the brain, leading to sudden body movements, loss of consciousness, or unusual behaviour.
One of the most common causes of convulsions in children is fever, especially in those between 6 months and 5 years of age. These are called febrile convulsions and are often short and self-limiting. Other causes may include infections, epilepsy, head injuries, or low blood sugar.
If a child starts convulsing, the first step is to stay calm. Panic can lead to harmful actions. Gently place the child on a flat surface, preferably on the floor or a bed, and turn them onto their side. This position helps keep the airway clear and reduces the risk of choking.
Do not try to hold the child down or stop the movements. Do not put anything in the child’s mouth—not a spoon, finger, or cloth—as this can cause injury or block the airway.
Remove any nearby objects that could injure the child, such as sharp or hard items. Loosen tight clothing around the neck and ensure there is enough space for the child to move safely. It is also helpful to note the duration of the seizure. Most convulsions last only a few minutes, but if one continues beyond five minutes, it becomes a medical emergency.
After the convulsion stops, the child may appear sleepy, confused, or weak. Allow the child to rest, but continue to monitor their breathing and responsiveness.
Seek immediate medical attention, as an evaluation is important to identify the cause and guide further care.
Preventive steps include managing fever appropriately, ensuring children receive recommended vaccinations and seeking early treatment for infections.
Convulsions in children are alarming but manageable with the right knowledge. Staying calm, protecting the child from injury, and avoiding harmful practices are the most important actions.
