AFRICA’S WARS TOPPLED PORTUGAL’S DICTATORSHIP
More than half a century ago, a European dictatorship collapsed not through reform but under the weight of unjust wars in Africa. On 25 April 1974, a military coup overthrew Marcelo Caetano amid rising resentment of Portugal’s conflicts in Angola, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, and its other colonies. The Carnation Revolution brought sweeping change, shaped far from…
